ISSN print edition: 0366-6352 ISSN electronic edition: 1336-9075 Registr. No.: MK SR 9/7 Published monthly

Electrochemical sensing of vitamin B₆ using silver nanoparticle-polypyrrole nanocomposite-modified glassy carbon electrode

Nirbanya Devi, Umme Solaem Akond, and Sk Jasimuddin

Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Assam University, Silchar, India

E-mail: sk.jasimuddin@aus.ac.in

Received: 5 June 2025  Accepted: 2 November 2025

Abstract:

Vitamin B₆ (Vit B₆), also known as pyridoxine, is a key molecule present in living cells and regulates a variety of chemical reactions that are necessary for life. The daily requirement of Vit B₆ in the human body is fulfilled by diet and other sources like other essential vitamins. Therefore, rapid and accurate quantification of Vit B₆ in various food sources and food supplements is of great importance. This article reports on facile electrosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)-polypyrrole (PPy) composite films on a glassy carbon (GC) electrode surface and assesses its sensing capability for Vit B₆. Characterization of the AgNPs was accomplished by using UV–vis spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. The sensor electrode (AgNPs-PPy-GCE) was characterized using cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Differential pulse voltammetry results showed that the electrode can detect Vit B₆ at a low limit of detection (1.78 nM, S/N = 3) in a wide linear concentration range of 15–600 μM. The AgNp-PPy-GCE showed diffusion-controlled kinetics and had excellent sensitivity, selectivity, and good reproducibility towards Vit B₆ detection. Further, the newly developed sensor AgNp-PPy-GCE showed constancy of sensing response for up to 28 days. The electrochemical sensor electrode was applied to determine the amount of Vit B₆ in beverage and pharmaceutical samples with a recovery range of 98.19–100.07%.

Graphical abstract

Electrooxidation of the pyrrole monomer in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate and citrate-capped silver nanoparticles is carried out to obtain a polypyrrole/AgNPs composite film on the electrode surface, and applied for electrochemical detection of vitamin B6 (pyridoxal). The sensor showed high selectivity and sensitivity towards vitamin B6 and showed low limit of detection 0.002 μM in the wide linear range of concentration 15–600 μM. The sensor electrode can efficiently detect vitamin B6 in pharmaceutical formulations and beverages.

Keywords: Conducting polymer; Polypyrrole; Ag nanoparticles; Electrochemical sensing; Vitamin B6

Full paper is available at www.springerlink.com.

DOI: 10.1007/s11696-025-04486-7

Chemical Papers 80 (2) 1745–1756 (2026)