ISSN print edition: 0366-6352 ISSN electronic edition: 1336-9075 Registr. No.: MK SR 9/7 Published monthly

Upgrading bio-oil and bio-char from sago dregs pyrolysis with liquid–solid diffusion blending method to produce high-calorie hybrid bio-coke

M. Jahiding, Mashuni Mashuni, Erzam S. Hasan, and Fitri Handayani Hamid

Department of Physics, Halu Oleo University, Kendari, Indonesia

E-mail: mjahiding@uho.ac.id

Received: 25 May 2024  Accepted: 21 April 2025

Abstract:

The pyrolysis process increases the economic value of sago dreg (SD) by producing bio-oil and bio-char as additional materials for briquettes. It encourages converting SD biomass waste into bio-coke as an alternative solid fuel. This study examines the effect of pyrolysis temperature on the decomposition of SD and its properties as a material for forming hybrid bio-coke (HBC) as an alternative energy source. The pyrolysis temperature varies between 400 and 600 °C. HBC is made at a temperature of 120 °C with a mixture of bio-char and bio-oil with a weight composition of 10, 20, and 30 wt% bio-oil. The results showed that the calorific value of HBC was higher, ranging from 6800 to 7190 kcal/kg, exceeding the calorific value of bio-char (<5800 kcal/kg). Adding bio-oil to bio-char led to a marked increase in calorific value, enhancing its energy content. Overall, HBC demonstrated superior combustion characteristics and energy content compared to bio-char, suggesting its potential for use as an efficient alternative energy source.

Keywords: Biofuels; Biogas; Materials for Energy and Catalysis; Solar Fuels; Solid Biofuels; Bio-char; Hybrid bio-coke; Bio-oil; Sago dreg; Pyrolysis

Full paper is available at www.springerlink.com.

DOI: 10.1007/s11696-025-04080-x

Chemical Papers 79 (7) 4597–4610 (2025)